Domestic Violence in Colombia: Causality and Beliefs

This article is derived from a qualitative research carried out with the content analysis technique. It studies the cultural beliefs about domestic violence in Colombia prior to the pandemic generated by Covid-19, seeks to make them visible, show their effects, invite intervention and also provide some comprehensive cultural elements for those who are determined to analyze the increase in cases and the decrease in complaints of these in 2020, a period that coincides with the period of national mandatory confinement due to the pandemic. The sample is made up of 81 academic articles. In the results, it was found that inequity in the use of power, violent behaviors learned in the family, and economic and emotional dependence appear among its main causative factors. What was found is significant because in order to understand this type of violence and design promotion and prevention programs, in addition to analyzing the biological, economic and social causes, it is also necessary to know and intervene in the beliefs that circulate in the social contexts where this violence is present.

Psychopathological symptomatology as a mediator between negative emotions and life satisfaction in Peruvian population in the context of COVID-19

Introduction: The objective was to establish an explana-tory model of life satisfaction as a function of negative emotions mediated by the psychopathological severity index, as well as to describe and compare psychopathological symp-tomatology as a function of sociodemographic variables. Methodology: The research design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 1965 Peruvians of both sexes aged 17 to 71 years. The instruments used were the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Abbreviated Scale (DASS 21), Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Result(s): The structural regression model shows that negative emotions have a positive effect (R2 = 64%) on the global severity index (GSI) of psychopathological symptomatology and in turn the latter has a negative impact (R2 = 23%) on the life satisfaction of Peruvians. Among the psychopathological symptoms, psychoticism (19.64%), followed by phobic anxiety (19.44%) and depression (19.03%) stand out. In the macroregions, the GSI varied between 12.54% and 19.32%, with the lowest GSI in the northeast-ern macroregion and the highest in the north. Conclusion(s): Significant differences in psychopathological symptomatol-ogy were found according to macroregions, sex, age, having children, having a family member infected or deceased by COVID-19. Copyright © 2022, Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology. All rights reserved.

Prevalence and correlation of IgG in patients infected by SARS-COV2 attended at Hospital Dr. Santiago Ramón y Cajal, ISSSTE in Durango

introduction. In the immune system there are two types of responses: rapid and unspecified innate immune response, and one adaptive response, slower but capable of creating memory. objective. To identify the prevalence of the igg in sars-cov-2 infected patients at issste Hospital in Durango. material and methods. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study;igg concentration was measured in 33 sars-cov-2 infected patients, the chemiluminescence method was used in the Architect i 2000 sr®;a concentration ≥1.4 was considered positive, it was expressed in conventional units. The spss v24, descriptive statistics, ji2 of Bartlett, t of student, “r” of Pearson with ic95% and p<0.05 were used as a reference point. The information obtained was kept anonymous. results. An media of 42.7 years was obtained, out of which the 60.6% were male, the media igg concentration was 3.8 conventional units, symptoms persisted 9.5 days, and between the beginning of the symptoms and sampling, 104.2 days elapsed;the 87.8% of the patients had symptoms and 86.2% of them igg was detected. There was a positive correlation between igg concentration and duration of symptoms, this being significant. conclusions. igg concentrations will depend on how many days the symptoms last, there were patients that despite presenting symptoms, igg was no longer detected for 104 days, this also happened with patients classified as asymptomatic.

A love letter to educational leaders of Color: "CREWing UP" with critical whiteness studies

This essay applies Critical Race Theory and Critical Whiteness Studies towards affirming the collective existence, experience, and humanity of educational leaders of Color, who tend to experience systemic dismissing and invisibilizing within educational institutions. Like racial commentators such as James Baldwin and Ta-Nehisi Coates, this essay uses the genre of letter writing—specifically a love letter—as a way to cultivate intimacy and relationality with readers. The piece intentionally does so because whiteness, white supremacy, and racism enact violence in ways that require intentional healing rooted in humanizing, revolutionary, and decolonial love. Ultimately, this love letter urges scholars, particularly race and whiteness scholars, to "CREW UP," or Catalyze Resistance & Emancipation With United Power, in such a way that provides the healing, collective coalition-building, and consciousness needed to eradicate whiteness, white supremacy, and racism. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education (QSE) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

[Body image adaptation in health personnel during COVID-19]

BACKGROUND: Everything that has contact with the body is also integrated as part of the individual's body image;Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) could be integrated into body image. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of the drawing of the human figure as a projective tool of body image in health personnel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was carried out, which consisted of the compilation and analysis of the drawing tests of the human figure performed on health personnel in the contingency of COVID-19. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative variables and an inferential analysis with McNemar's test were carried out to compare proportions between groups. RESULTS: 147 drawings in the previous context and their respective drawings in context during the contingency were included. When comparing both groups, in the pandemic context an increase in distortions or omissions was observed (p = 0.013), mainly located in the hands and arms (p < 0.001). Also, traces suggestive of isolation (p = 0.039), drawings with poor definition of the eyes (p = 0.69), inclusion of PPE (p < 0.001), and omission of the nose (p = 0.011) and mouth (p < 0.001) were observed). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in distortions or omissions may be related to reconstructing the social part. Six months after the start of the contingency, 40% of the health personnel had already incorporated the PPE into their projective drawing of body image.

Detection of Facial Spoofing Attacks in Uncontrolled Environments Using ELBP and Color Models

Distance education has become an alternative in teaching derived from the Covid-19 pandemic. However, distance education has led to bad practices for some students. For example, it was detected that some students spoofed the teacher in a class or exam. Therefore, facial biometrics can be used to solve, in real-time, the spoofing problem. However, the solution is not exempt from presentation attacks that undermine the reliability of the systems. Other challenges that must be considered are lighting, resolution, and variable size of the faces, among others. In this paper, we present a methodology to address the problem of facial spoofing attacks. We combine the Extended Local Binary Patterns (ELBP) descriptor and YCbCr, HSV color models to highlight the saturation and illumination of an image. For the experiments, we present a comparison of our proposal against other state-of-the-art methods. We obtain an error of 2.45% with the Half Total Error Rate (HTER) metric in the MSU image bank. The results revealed that for environments where the camera resolutions are not controlled, our proposal provides a feasible solution reducing the costs of acquiring specific hardware © 2003-2012 IEEE.

Telemedicine- versus outpatient-based initiation and management of ketogenic diet therapy in children with drug-resistant epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Initiation of ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) for pediatric epilepsy is usually done on an inpatient basis and the diet is managed during clinical appointments following a protocol of visits and routine tests. Because of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated lock-down measures, we switched from outpatient to telemedicine-based KDT initiation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of online KDT initiation and follow-up by comparing a group of children with drug-resistant epilepsy that was managed by telemedicine compared to a group that was treated on an outpatient basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted in two groups of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who initiated KDT and were followed up with an online versus an outpatient modality by the interdisciplinary KDT team of Hospital Pediatria JP Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dietary compliance, ketosis, retention rate, adverse effects, number of contacts, and clinical outcome were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months on the diet. RESULTS: Overall, 37 patients were included, of whom 18 started the KD by telemedicine and 19 on an outpatient basis. Minimum follow-up of the patients was 6 months. All patients received the classic ketogenic diet. No statistical differences between the two groups regarding efficacy and safety of the diet were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the feasibility and safety of initiating and management of KDT by telemedicine. Patients and their families should be carefully selected in order to guarantee a good outcome.

Extracorporeal membrane oxigenation in COVID-19 patients: Results of the ECMO-COVID Registry of the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery

Background and aim: COVID-19 patients with severe heart or respiratory failure are potential candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Indications and management of these patients are unclear. Our aim is to describe the results of a prospective registry of COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO. Methods: An anonymous prospective registry of COVID-19 patients treated with veno-arterial (V-A) or veno-venous (V-V) ECMO was created on march 2020. Clinical, analytical and respiratory preimplantation variables, implantation data and post-implantation course data were recorded. The primary endpoint was all cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary events were functional recovery and the combined endpoint of mortality and functional recovery in patients followed at least 3 months after discharge. Results: Three hundred and sixty-six patients from 25 hospitals were analyzed, 347 V-V ECMO and 18 V-A ECMO patients (mean age 52.7 and 49.5 years respectively). Patients with V-V ECMO were more obese, had less frequently organ damage other than respiratory failure and needed less inotropic support;Thirty three percent of V-A ECMO and 34.9% of V-A ECMO were discharged (P = NS). Hospital mortality was non-significantly different, 56.2% versus 50.9% respectively, mainly during ECMO therapy and mostly due to multiorgan failure. Other 51 patients (14%) remained admitted. Mean follow-up was 196 ± 101.7 days (95%CI: 170.8-221.6). After logistic regression, body weight (OR 0.967, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99, P = 0.004) and ECMO implantation in the own centre (OR 0.48, 95%CI: 0.27-0.88, P = 0.018) were protective for hospital mortality. Age (OR 1.063, 95%CI: 1.005-1.12, P = 0.032), arterial hypertension (3.593, 95%CI: 1.06-12.19, P = 0.04) and global (2.44, 95%CI: 0.27-0.88, P = 0.019), digestive (OR 4,23, 95%CI: 1.27-14.07, P = 0.019) and neurological (OR 4.66, 95%CI: 1.39-15.62, P = 0.013) complications during ECMO therapy were independent predictors of primary endpoint occurrence. Only the post-discharge day at follow-up was independent predictor of both secondary endpoints occurrence. Conclusions: Hospital survival of severely ill COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO is near 50%. Age, arterial hypertension and ECMO complications are predictors of hospital mortality, and body weight and implantation in the own centre are protective. Functional recovery is only predicted by the follow-up time after discharge. A more homogeneous management of these patients is warranted for clinical results and future research optimization. © 2022 Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular

Factors associated with mortality in patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 in Mexico

Background: As of the 25th of January 2021, more than 150 thousand deaths as consequence of COVID-19 have been reported in Mexico [1]. Advanced age, male gender and comorbidities have been described as risk factors for severe disease and mortality in general population [2]. COVID-19 mortality in Mexican patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) is unknown. Objectives: To describe characteristics of Mexican patients with RMDs and COVID-19, and to analyse factors associated with mortality. Methods: The Global Rheumatology Alliance COVID-19 (GRA) physician reported registry, is an international effort to collect information on COVID19 in adult patients with RMDs. GRA is an observational registry. The first patient from Mexico was registered on April 17, 2020. All Mexican patients registered in GRA until October 30, 2020 were included in this analysis. The association of mortality with demographic and clinical variables was estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 323 patients were registered, with a median age of 52 (IQR 41-61) years old, 166 (51.4%) patients lived in Mexico City. The most frequent RMDs were rheumatoid arthritis, 149 (46.1%) and systemic lupus erythematosus, 24 (19.8%). Over a third of patients with RMDs and COVID-19 (119 (36.8%)) were hospitalized, and 43 (13.3%) died. Table 1 shows clinical and demographic characteristics. In the univariable analysis, the absence of comorbidities was a protective factor, OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1-0.6). Factors associated with mortality at COVID-19 diagnosis were age over 65 years old, having type 2 diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, treatment at COVID-19 diagnosis with corticosteroids or with CD20 inhibitors. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, these factors remained independently associated with mortality. No associations with other treatments or comorbidities at COVID-19 diagnosis were found. Conclusion: Mexican patients with RMDs and COVID-19 in the GRA physician reported registry had a mortality of 13.3%. Factors associated with mortality were those described in the general population, such as older age and being on corticosteroids and CD20 inhibitors treatment at COVID-19 diagnosis.

Mental health in times of pandemic: A literature review

Society is going through a pandemic because of COVID-19 originating in Wuhan (China), which has triggered crises in all the nations of the world, which has transformed daily life, due to the measures taken by governments to stop the increase in infections. However, isolation, quarantine, concern, and fear of contagion and/or death have directly affected mental health. The research focused on identifying the main consequences of the pandemic and isolation on mental health, it was carried out from a qualitative methodology, under a bibliographic design, of a documentary type, the sample was of a theoretical type, made up of 58. Finally, it was found that there are population groups vulnerable to stress and various reactions of people to changes, however, mental health care has been underestimated and it is necessary to develop strategies to avoid generating an epidemic in the population about mental health. © 2021 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.

Emotional responses, caring, self-care, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Currently, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and the various measures to stop the contagion has developed multiple crises in society. The work environment has been transformed, occupational diseases have increased, therefore, it was decided to analyze the information published on the current problem and it was found that according to statistics, depressive, panic, and stress disorders have increased, due to social isolation, the change in routine and new ways of exercising job responsibilities, leading to a decrease in people’s psychological well-being. By way of conclusion, it can be said that it is important and necessary for people to develop both individual and collective resources that allow them to properly manage emotions and that integral health can be established and guaranteed. © 2021 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.